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said over and over and over again that patents are not a substitute for innovation. In fact, there is little to connect the two at all, except perhaps for patents can hinder and slow the pace of innovation. A new study helps a lot to bring home the little patents relate to innovation. James Bessen said that we, the study focuses on "R & D 100 Awards" of the academic journal

Research and Development

1977-2004. As expected, the R & D 100 awards are given annually by the magazine in an attempt to name the 100 innovations of the year. If patents were essential to stimulate innovation that surely expects most of these innovations to be patented. But I could be wrong, that the authors of the report, Roberto Fontana, Alessandro Nuvolari, Hiroshi Shimizu and Andrea Vezzulli discovered quickly.

Impressive

91%

all technologies receiving the award was not actually patented. It covers about 3,000 technology win the award as the year of the most innovative breakthrough for a period of about three decades. What is interesting to me is that it actually coincides closely with one of my favorite patent economist Petra Moser, resembling studies rate patent 19th century used proprietary data products are shown in the Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851 and the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, which showed very little against inventions "economically useful". More than 80% were not patented. Sure, you might think that already in 1800 there was less interest in the patent, but this new study suggests a fairly similar rate to Moser is 150 years old.

100 R & D certainly seems a good way to see the main innovations. It is judged by a panel of eminent experts watching two criteria: i) (ie, if the product can be considered a breakthrough technical standpoint), ii) the competitive technological importance (eg, lead how the product is compared with solutions available in the market in competition). Both seem to be important indicators of innovation. And, as the authors note, many great innovations can be easily found in the list:


Over the years, major advances inventions that Polacolor film (1963), the flashcube (1965), the automated teller machine (1973), the halogen lamp ( 1974), fax (1975), the liquid crystal display (1980), the printer (1986), the Kodak Photo CD (1991), the anti-smoking patch Nicoderm (1992), Taxol anticancer drug (1993) , lab on a chip (1996), and HDTV (1998) received the award.



revealing, even to ask for reward innovators must show how innovation is an improvement on what was available on the world market, they must file a "matrix competitiveness "that shows. In other words, these innovations tend to attribute the marketing of real innovations driving the state of the art forward. One might suggest they are innovations that really "promote the progress", which (unlike our patent) for that price you literally have to show how innovation encourages further progress.

As you can see on the main findings, very, very few innovations that won the award was also patented three years before and three years later received The Reward:
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